Common Risks and Complications of Laser Eye Surgery

Laser eye surgery has transformed the lives of millions worldwide, providing an effective solution for vision correction. If you’re considering this procedure, understanding the process can help ease any concerns and set expectations. This article offers a detailed step-by-step guide on what happens during laser eye surgery.

1. Pre-Surgery Preparations

Before undergoing laser eye surgery, an ophthalmologist will conduct a comprehensive eye examination. This includes measuring your corneal thickness, pupil size, and refractive errors (nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism). You will also be asked about your medical history and any medications you are taking to ensure you are a Cataract surgery suitable candidate for the procedure.

On the day of surgery, you should avoid wearing makeup, lotions, or perfumes, as these can interfere with the laser and increase the risk of infection. Your doctor may also advise you to stop wearing contact lenses for a few days or weeks before the procedure, as they can alter the shape of your cornea.

2. Numbing the Eye

Once you arrive at the clinic, your eyes will be numbed using special anesthetic eye drops. These ensure you do not feel pain during the procedure. A small device is then used to keep your eyelids open so you don’t have to worry about blinking.

3. Creating the Corneal Flap (For LASIK Surgery)

For LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) surgery, a thin flap is created on the cornea. This can be done using a microkeratome (a small blade) or a femtosecond laser. The flap is gently lifted, exposing the underlying corneal tissue that will be reshaped with the laser.

4. Reshaping the Cornea with a Laser

A computer-controlled excimer laser is then used to reshape the cornea. The laser removes microscopic amounts of corneal tissue based on your specific vision correction needs. The process typically takes less than a minute per eye, and you will be asked to focus on a target light to keep your eyes steady.

During this step, you may hear a clicking sound and notice a slight odor, which is the laser working on your cornea. The laser is highly precise and is programmed according to the measurements taken during your pre-surgery evaluation.

5. Repositioning the Corneal Flap (For LASIK)

Once the cornea has been reshaped, the flap is carefully placed back in position. Since the cornea has natural adhesive properties, no stitches are needed. The flap heals on its own over time.

6. Post-Surgery Recovery

After the procedure, your doctor will provide protective shields or goggles to prevent you from rubbing your eyes. Your vision may be blurry initially, but it will improve within a few hours or days. You may also experience mild discomfort, dryness, or sensitivity to light, which is normal.

Most patients can resume normal activities within 24-48 hours, but strenuous activities should be avoided for a few weeks. Follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor your healing progress and ensure optimal results.

Laser eye surgery is a quick and effective procedure that can significantly improve vision. Understanding the step-by-step process can help alleviate concerns and prepare you for a smooth experience. Always consult with a qualified ophthalmologist to determine if laser eye surgery is right for you.